Machine tool



July 25, 1939. J. VERDERBER MACHINE TOOL Filed Feb. 27, 1957 5Sheets-Sheet 1 b INYENTOR n: M27547 EH/I /VM y 1939- J. VERDERBERMACHINE TOOL Filed Feb. 27, 1931 s Sheets-Sheet 2 if? 55- 7/0 L y 25,1939- I J. VERDERBER 2,167,189

MACHINE T0011 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Feb 27, 1 937 v a? M4 //7 INVENTORMar f y //J WTJWMTTORNEYL Patented July 25, 1939 "UNITED STATES I PATENTOFFICE- 'solsims.

The present invention relates to machine structure generally withspecial reference to economy of structure in parts and easy andconvenient setting or related parts and ease and convenience I ofoperatingof the machine and relatively setting the parts thereof. J Inthe prior art, in machines built of parts, especially heavy parts, thepractice has been to machine the separate parts and then fit the partsto each other by hand fitting such as scraping and the like but thisconsumes much time in that Darts had to be tested together to find wherefltting'was necessary; this entails taking the parts from a machine forscraping or the like and them putting them back on again vior i'urthertesting and this, in most instances, was found necessary to be repeatedseveral times. A

In the priorart, in machines wherein parts or elements thereof areadjustably related or permanently connected or joined to each other, the

adjusting usually is done by guess work augmented by measuringinstruments if available for determining the accuracy of the setting ofthe parts. This also entails or consumes much time. 3.5 The presentinventionprovides an easy and convenient means for forming jointsbetween parts of machines first by iorming of the parts so that the samecan be machined easily and to correct form and lit so that, forsubsequent assembling of the no separate fitting is necessary and secondthe parts will fit together correctly by and during the assembling ofthe parts a and the machine. I

The present invention also provides a means,

I; as a part one machine, whereby an adjustment of relatively adjustableparts can be read directly by mechanism on the machine and usesiridividually insertable blocks in the adjusting mechanism. These blocksare made either of spec I In thicknesses to suit particular requirementsor of such commercial standard blocks as the well known Johannessengages. One or more of such gages is inserted into the adjustingmechanism as occasion may require.

The present invention also provides a very precise means for setting oiparts of a machine and the setting is permanent and can not change itssetting by theop'eration oi: the machine until manually released.

Objects ofthe present invention are: To provide simple and economicalstructure in a machine built up 01' parts and to machine the parts thatare-to be joined together so that no fitting thereof, manually orotherwise, is neceay sary after the-machining andthejoints fit'ooreoutside of the machine where the same are easily nnssutn MAY, 6 1941rectly and accurately and precisely for assembling and remain inaccurate and precise relations after the assembling. 5

fTo provide on the machine a. precise means that shows the setting ofthe parts relative to other parts of. the machine.

To provide micromically operating and reading means on the machine forrelatively movable Parts of the machine and locate the same on the readand easily reached and operated for setting.

To provide an-economical easily operated con- ,trol means for movingrelatively movable parts of a machine.

To provide an easily controlled power means for operating movable partsof a machine.

Other objects will be pointed out during the following description ofthe machine shown in the accompanying drawings or will become obvious orapparent or will suggest themselves upon an 2 inspection of thisdescription and the/ drawings mentioned above.

In the accompanying drawings, mentioned above, showing one type ofmachine embodying the present invention:

Fig. l is a side view of a machine embodying the present invention.

- Fig. 2 is a typical sectional view of the push button devices as usedon the here shown machine; the section being augmented by adiagrammatical illustration of the wiring for the device.

8. 3 is a typical sectional view of a clamping mechanism that can beused in the machine for retaining relatively movable parts thereof inad- Jllsted positions without destroying the precise relations thereof.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a typical bushing and mounting thereof forclamping a part to a bed; the section being taken on line 4-4' of Fig. 5

Fig. 5 is a section taken traversely of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a front view of Fig. 1. I

7 is a sectional view of a joint between a Post and a base to eliminatedriving of the post into the base.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view, typical of the joints 0! the machine shownin Fig. 1.

Fig. 9 is a plan view oi Fig. 1.

8- 10 is a section taken on line Ill-ill of Fig. 6. 1

Fig-11 is a plan view oi the micromic setting means on a larger scale.g: 2 is an enlarged section taken on line i2 01 Fig. 11. a

in the axes are notin or nearly in one plane and Fig. 13 is an enlarged.section taken. on line l3-ll of P18. 11.

Fig. 14 is a fragmental sectional view of a modification of the precisesetting means; the section being taken on the line "-14 of Fig. 15.

Fig. 15 is an end view of Fig. 14. Similar reference characters refer tosimilar parts throughout the views.

ofthe main framing The bed or base A is made of suitable material andform, preferably heavy to provide a substantial base for the machine,toreceive and support thereon the table B and to guide the table bymeans of the V shaped groove ll near one side thereof and the V shapedmember II fitting the groove and the fiat faces or surfaces 12 near theopposite side thereof. .The table B is guided to move longitudinally ofthe bed and is moved I longitudinally by means of the screw' l3'lournaled in the bed and having the gear ll, prefer- .ably a spiralgear, secured to one end thereof and meshing with the gear ll secured tothe shaft Ml journaled in the bed and having the handwheel l8 secured tothe outer end thereof on the outside of the bed. When desired, forlongitudinal movement of the table from either side of the machine, theshaft Ill may be extended clear across the bed and another handwheelsecured to the other end thereof. The nut I1 is secured to the undersideof thetable B and is threaded to the screw it so that rotation of eitherone of the handwheels moves the table longitudinally-of the bed.-Thebomes ll ad I! are provided on the bed at the sides of the table 'toreceive the posts or columns (I and D. i

One end of eachpost extends into the bed pref-- eriibly by a close fitalthough the mechanism shown in Figs. '1. and 8 may be used. .An'essential feature is that the posts are securely held and are parallelwith each other.

The collars 20, square with the axes of the posts, are provided on theposts to abut the squareupperendsofthebossestoattainsquareness of theposts relative to the top of the table B.

The parts Iland 24 of the respective posts C and D are exactly parallelwhich parallelism is attained by machining the posts concentrically andboring the holes in the bed for the posts exactly parallel. Thismachining of the parts 23 and 24 and the boring of the holes in the bedis made accurate so that no additional fitting is necessary forassembling of the parts and the bed.

The upper ends of the bosses I! and II are faced of! exactly square withthe axes of the bores in the bosses so that the ends of the collars 2tabut thereon and position the posts accurately and holdthe same parallelwhen the ends thereof are in the bosses and held therein.

The posts are spaced sidewise of each other sufllciently far apart tolet the table B, or work overhanging one orboth sides thereof, to passbetween them. Y The outer surface of each of the posts is round and isground concentric and parallel with the axis thereof so that no manualfitting will be necessary thereon= when the machine is being assembled.Preferably, the posts are hardened so that the same will betterwithstand wear and will not bend easily although the below describedarrangement of axes in one plane, or nearly so, or substantially soeliminates the tendency to bend the posts in distinction from the priorart wherethereby cause bending of the posts due to presor a process surebrought on an element'not in the same plane as the posts and will alsocause one element of the machine to tilt relative to the posts.

The parts Ill and I of the posts may be straight or tape straight beingpreferred since the boring of the bosses and the machinin of the postsis thereby facilitated and the cost of production is minimized. Theparts Ill and ill of the posts may be driven into the respective bosses,preferably by a light drive to avoid springing of the posts by suchdriving. When desired,"

especially when the posts are driven into the bosses guite lightly, anut 28 threaded to the lower end of each may be provided as shown orwith a.. washer between the nut and the boss, the washer to abut thelower end of the corresponding boss and the nut 26 to abut the washer.when this nut arrangement is used for holding the posts in the bed, itcan also be used to pull the posts into the bosses and thereby eliminatethe danger of bending the posts during the driving thereof into thebosses. I

It is preferredthat the posts are first machined to a diametrical sizethat allows for finish machining later, are then hardened by carbonizingthe material used for the poststohardeh at least the outer surfacethereof and, after the hardening, grinding the same concentric with theaids thereof to finished size including the under face of the collars 2|thereonto be square withthe axes of the posts so-that the so machinedfaced abut firmly and fit correctly andthe parts an and I of the posts,being of the same diameter throughout the length thereof, are parallelwhen in the bosses. The bearings of the bed are quite long to promoteparalellism of the posts. This feature is also carried out throughoutthemachine;

The above mentioned table B can move longitudinally ofthe bed and isguided in movement commensurate with and adapted to 1 posts in the bythe above mentioned V grooves II and V 21 longitudinally The tie bar E,preferably a casting of suitable material and form and requiredstrength, has the bosses 28 and 29 each near one of the longitudinalends thereof. Each of the bosses has a bore longi tudinally therethroughto either fit closely to the upper ends of thepost parts 23 and 24 asshown in Fig. 7 or 8 or to have the bushing structure shown in Figs. 4and-.5 mounted therein. 0

The above mentioned bushing structure is ii-- lustratively shown inFigs. 4 and 5. The object of the tie bar 'is to retain the upper endsofthe posts against bending and to retain the posts. parallel. Usuallythere is no need for a clamping -means between the tie bar and the postswhen there is a close fit between posts and tie bar. However, whendesired, a cam clamping means such as is illustrated in Fig. 3- may beused.

Description of the machining mechanism The cross head F, of suitablematerial and form and strength, preferably a casting, has the-boss 30 onone end thereof and the boss II on the other. Each 'boss has a boretherethrough to either fit the corresponding parts 23 and '24 veryclosely but slidable or to have the bushing struc; ture shown in Figs. 4and 5 mountedtherein. Lost motion in these joints is to be avoided.

When desired, a cam or equivalent clamping means, such as isillustratively shown in Fig. 3, may be mounted between the cross headand one or both of the posts to prevent the cross head from movingupwardly when a pressure is brought thereon tending to move the same inthat direction.

Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate structure whereby very close adjustment can bemade between the posts and the cross head and whereby the tie bar may beclamped onto the posts when desired.

In this structure, the outer circumferential surface of the bushing 32.is taper and fits into a correspondingly taper hole in one of the joinedparts 33. The lower end of the bushing is. externally threaded toreceive the nut 34 which abuts the lower face 35 of the boss 36. Thebore 3'! fits closely to the stem part 23l. The bushing is first made ofone-piece structure and is then i slltted by radial cuts 39 extendinglongitudinally of the bushing. This divides the bushing into individualparts, six being shown, each of which could move independently but thethreaded engagement between the nut 34 and the bushing prevents suchindividual movement and moves all of theindividual parts uniformly in anaxial direction when the nut is rotated and thereby moves the bushingparts toward or away from the stem part 23l uniformly and neither theadjusting of the joint nor the clamping thereof can move the axis of thepart 23l away from its original position.

When the bushing 32 is to be hardened and ground, it is preferred thatthe slits 39 are not cut clear through to leave the portions 40 and 4|uncut by each slitting or 'to'leave the portion 40 uncut but cut theportion 4| or vice versa or alternate the portion 40 with the portion 4|in the different slits.

the bushing parts to hold the same together temporarily for hardeningand final finish machining thereof. After the bushing is hardened it isground to finished size with all circular surfaces concentric with theaxis of the bushing. After the bushing is finally finished as tomachining thereof ,the parts thereof are separated by breaking theportions 40 and 4| which may conveniently be done by driving a taperarbor through the bore of the bushing. Other meansmay be used toseparate the bushing parts. I

The two bars 42 and 43 have the respective ends thereof mounted in thebosses 44 and 4| by a driving fit or the bushing structure of Figs. 4and 5 or equivalent means. Each of the bars is, preferably hardened andground and is of the same diameter throughout the length thereof. Bothbars are exactly parallel with each other when in place. r

The spindle carrying element G has two bosses eachgeither bored toclosely fit one end of one of the bars or bored for a means equivalentto the structure illustrated in Figs. 4, 5, 7 and 8 so that the elementG can slide longitudinally on the bars and be guided thereby withoutlost motion.

The spindle H is journaled in and held against axial movement in a quillwhich is axially movable relative to the element G and may be so movedby a conventional rackand gear mecha- The object here being to provideand retain just suflicient material between nism operated by the handwheel 46 to move the quill and the spindle therein axially.

A locking mechanism 4'1, such as is illustrated in Fig. 3, may beinstalled when desired to lock the spindle against axial movement and asimilar or equivalent mechanism may be installed to lock the element Gagainst movement longitudinally of the bars 42 and 43.

Description of the driving means The motor I is mounted within the bed Aand 1 has the driving pulley 48 on the armature shaft thereof for thebelt 43 which connects the same .drivingly with the pulley 5|! on theshaft 5|, the latter entering the gear case 53 and driving aconventional speed change mechanism therein.

The vertical shaft 53 has the lower end thereof in driving connectionwith the speed change mechanism and the upper end thereof is journaledin the lug 54 extending sidewise from the tie bar E. The shaft 53 isheld against axial o movement by the collars 55 and 56 secured to theshaft 53 and abutting the mg 54.

The tubes 51 and 58 cover the shaft 53 and the screws to complywith theregulations provided to install protection means for moving parts 5 ofmachinery.

The rotating means for the spindle H is shown as comprising the bevelgear 59 splined to the shaft 53 to move longitudinally thereon and 30meshing with the bevel gear 60 and rotating g thmtelescopic shaft 6|which rotates the bevel gear 62 meshing with the bevel gear 63 to rotatethe shaft 64 and the spiral gear 65 that meshes with the companion gear66 splined to the spindle H. The spindle H is moved vertically by means36 of the hand wheel 46 and-rotates the shaft 68 and the pinion 69thereon and meshes with the rack II on the spindle carrying quill tomove the quill axially and the spindle therewith.

The hand wheel 1| rotates the externally 40 threaded shaft 12 inthreaded engagement with the nut 13 mounted against movement in thespindle carrying element G so that rotation of the hand wheel H movesthe spindle carrying element longitudinally of the cross head F.

When the device is to be used for machining surfaces by means ofmachining tools held in 'the socket of the spindle H or by the lower endthereof, such as chucks and the like, the threaded shaft '12 may bedrivingly connected with the ver- 50 tical shaft 53 and clutch means maybe introduced to stop and start the lateral feeding of the spindle H.When the spindle is not to move laterally, a conventional lockingmechanism may be applied to retain the spindle carrying ele- 55 mentagainst movement relative to the cross head.

The hand wheel I4 rotates the horizontal shaft 15 and the spiral. gears16 and TI thereon that engage with companion gears on the externally 6threaded shafts 18 and I9 journal'ed in the tie bar E and the threadedpart thereof engage the corresponding nuts 80 and 8| held againstmovement in the cross head F so that rotation of the handwheel I4 movesthe cross head vertically 65 of the posts- C'and D for adjusting thecross head vertically.

When vertical feed of the cross headis desired in addition to thevertical feed of the spindle, as for boring by the spindle or machininga side of a work piece on the table by a machining tool in or on thelower end of the spindle, a power drive may be installed to establish adriving connection from the shaft 53 to the shaft 15; A convQt-ionalclutch means is preferably inserted to stop and start the power feedingof the cross head I". V

J Description of the electrical system Themotor I is reversible and hasthe three leads 8!, l3 and ll leading to the diflerent below describedswitches. The main switch It is operated by the handles and II mountedon oppositesides of the bed to-rprimarily make and break the electriccircuit to and from the leads ",Jfinnd I. o! the source of electricalenergy 1 and the other switches areconnected in the same 1 main circuit.

- The switch shown in Fig. 2, illustrative of the other switches, ispush button operated switch and has the base 02, preferably ofelectrically insui g material. The push button 03 slides axithe base,has the switch operating stem llolr-one end thereof and the head part 05on when the head part it the other. The spring I. is interposed betweenthe head part ll and the shoulder 01 in the base to normally tend tokeep the switch open.

the base, the switch is closed and will remain closed as long aspressure is exerted on thepart. but will automatically open when thepressure is released and the spring It moves the helid part OI axially.cult is made and no time needs With such switches, the electrical cirforswitches or cut cuts. The switch 0i. may be used to start and stopoperation of the motor I.

may be used to control vertical the cross head. The switch'illlv may beused to control of. the table. The switch III to control the hori-:

zontal movement of the spindle carrying head.- This illustration teachesthe useof pushbutton switches on machines wherein one'part mpvesrelative to another and wherein easy and quick change is desired forstopping and starting rela- ,tive movements between parts. This systemmes areflrstpushedin'and-heldso General muons; setting mam .The settingmeans i illustrated in rigs. v11, 12,- 1,3, 14 and 15 and is shown asapplied between the bed and the table in Pig. 1 and as applied betweenthe cross head and the spindle. carrying head mm. 6. v 1 L The blocksIll and Ill are mounted in a part here being a part of the table'B, hereconsidered the movable and adiustable part 01- the asbeing machine andlie horizontaliv although the same maybe vertical or inclined, thelatter bein shown in figs. 14 and 15. The blocks Ill are shorter thanthe blocks III to form the slots III when assembled. It ispreferred thateach of the blocks is of the same width, say 0.5000" so that the end ofone otthe end ones distance irom one slot to the next one is exactly.

1.000". The plate I holds the blocks down onto the part B by means ofthe screws Ill. The plug II. is movably mountedin the part B and thescrew I00 is threaded thereinto to abut the of the blocks for firmlyholding the blocks against each other.

and broken easily and quickly and to be lost in huntin 1 the horizontalmovement 1 for boring, as well elements relatively of This structureentails positionally fixed slots and blocks on an element which mayitself be fixed positionally or may be movable. The plug Ill adjustsitself during tightening of the screw Ill and thereby prevents any ofthe blocks from being shiftedby the tightening of the screw.

The bracket III, shown as being secured'to the bed A by means of thescrews III, has the boss III and the shaft or shank II! journaled there-'in by means of the bushings Ill. The bracket I I5, shown as beingsecured to the bed Aby means of the screws I", has the boss *I ii formounting therein of the below described micrometer mechanism.

The finger III is part of the above mentioned shank Iii, has the ear II!to closely fit into any one of the slots 105 when in the position shownin Figs. ,13 and and also has the flange I exactly square with the axisor shank for abutment by the member I2I of the measure indication orshowing instrument J. I

The stub I22 is journaledin the boss III and has the slot I23 on theouter end thereof to receive the lug ill of the instrumentJ pivotallyheld therein by the pin I15. This mounting of the instrument J aflordsa'means-for pivoting the instrument to bring its face and pointer I26into easilyreadable position. The nner end of the stub I2! is internallythreaded to receive the inner end of the externally threaded stem I21journaled in the bracket I I1 and having the collar I20 abutting thebracket .to prevent axial movement of the stem III in one direction. Theouter end I29 of the stem carries the flanged sleeve Ill having thegraduation marks III on the margin-thereof to provide a means -forreading a setting relative to the zero mark on the margin of the flangeI32 abutting the flange I30. The pin I33 secured to the flange Ill andto the part Ill the-former-rotates with the latter. The nut I isthreaded onto the outer end of the screw part ill to hold the collar Illagainst the flange I82 and hold the flange I against the flange I32.When the nut in is provided, it is preferred that the aperture for thepin Ill in the flange I" be made oblong so t t there will be no bindinbetween parts The friction plug I", mounted in the flange Ill, isnormally pressed against by means of the spring I" mounted in the flangeI". The vernier mechanism K is mounted to cooperate withthe micromicalgraduation to show more close reading and setting than by the micrometergraduations alone.

For setting the part 13 relative to the part G as for setting these andother the machine shown and described to bore two holes in a work pieceon the table exactly 2.125" apart. a

The work piece is first put on the table and held thereon securely whenready for the boring thereof, suitable stop means of the screw I21 sothat the flange II! for the work piece.

beingprovided to prevent. the workpiece from reading of the settingmeans is machine.

to the bed and the cross head in relation to the posts and the spindlecarrying head in relation to the cross head. The machine is then set forboring the first hole of the two. After the first hole is bored, thetable is moved longitudinally when the second hole is to be boredstraight back of the first one or straight in front thereof or thespindle carrying head is moved to one side in the manner above describedwhen the second hole is to be located not straight back or in front ofthe one first bored. This manner of adjusting is for 'holes that arestaggered relative to each other.

moved further until the pointer of the instrument J registers zero.- Themachine is then set for boring the second hole and the clamping meansare then tightened to securely hold the machine elements in adjustedpositions for boring the second hole.

This same manner of procedure can be carried out for relativelyadjusting other parts of the When a second hole is to be bored back ofand at one side of the first one, triangulation must be used todetermine how far to move the adjustable elements since the movingthereof can be done only longitudinally of the machine and transverselythereof. Sides opposite and sides adjacent can easily be calculated whenthe hypotenuse is given, the triangle being a rightangled one, and thehypotenuse can easily be found when the both sides are given.

The general operation of the machine seems to need no specialexplanation since it follows the usual operations of machines of thesame kind. Sufiicient objects and descriptions have been given above toenable others to operate the machine.

A conventional clamping means is illustrated in Fig. 3 wherein the partB is clamped to the post C. The shaft I31 is mounted in the part B andtraverses the pocket I38 and is rotated by means of the handle I39. Theeccentric I40, mounted on the, shaft I3'l, is located in the pocket I38and abuts the shoe MI which abuts the post C. Rotating the eccentric inone direction clamps the part B to the post without changing the axis ofthe post relative to the part B to preserve precision in the machine androtation of the eccentric in the opposite direction releases theclamping. With this clamping means, the shoe MI is moved and released bythe eccentric and no other part of the machine need be moved nor ismoved by the clamping The more or less conventional table adjustingmeans L is mounted on the bed, at one side near the forward end thereoffor convenient reach of the hand wheel I42 by an operator near themicrometer mechanlsm.- The stem or shaft I43 has the hand wheel'securedto the rearward end thereof and the worm I44 to the forward end.

The worm meshes with the worm wheel I45 secured to the shaft I forattaining precision adjustment of the table longitudinally of the bed. A

- clutch mechanism of conventional type is introducedbetween thehandwheel and the wormwheel so that operation of the mechanism L can bestopped and started at will and thehandwheel can be cut out of operationso that vibrations of shaft I55 is in contact thereon.

the machine will not tend to rotate the screw while the machine isvibrating.

Figs. 14 and 15 show a modification of the above described precisionparts setting means.

using the same general principle but arranging the parts somewhatdifferently to eifect'an action' that is an improvement in some respectsover the parts setting means above described.

. In this modification, the blocks Ill and I44 areused in the samemanner as described above but are here mounted angularly for bettersight thereof.

The bracket III! and the boss I I2 thereonare mounted similarly to theabove description.

The stem or shaft I45 is axially movably mounted in bushings in the bosshand is hollow for the spring I41 to operate therein. The finger I I8 isheld onto one end of the shaft I46 by means of the screw I48 and is heldagainst rotation thereon by the-key I49. In this instance, the end II!of the finger does not'contact two of the adja:

ed on the-other end bf'the shaft I46 as shown.

The bracket H0 here has the extension I50 and the shelf I5I mountedthereon. The insertable measure determining blocks I52; I53 and I54 areplaced side by side on the shelf as needed as is indicated in thedrawings and the shaft I55, projecting from the instrument J abuts theoutermost one. These blocks may be one or more in number and of variousthicknesses and, these together, with the location of the finger againstany one of the blocks determines the spacing that one element or part isset from another when the One end of the spring I41 abuts the screw I 48and the other end abuts the pin I51 transversely through-the shaft I45and having both ends thereof projecting outside thereof and into thespace I58 between the bushings in the boss II2.

The machine shown and described is simple cently located blocks butcontacts one only and of the joined parts. The electric and mechanical II control means are economical of structure and easy 'andconvenient ofaccess and operation and the joined parts are easily and convenientlyheld together and the clamping and releasing and adjus ing of the partsis easily and conveniently effected by means on the outside of themachine.

Applicant is aware that the embodiment shown and described herein is notthe only embodiment of the present invention and that various modifikcations can be made within the spirit and intent of the presentinvention andoffithe appended claims.- Therefore, without limitingmyself to the precise structure and arrangement of parts and elementsherein described,

I claim: v 1. A machine tool having, in combination, a

' bed, a table movable in guided contact thereon and means forpositioning said table relative tosald bedcomprlsing, a rack on saidtable and having equally spaced abutments for primarily setting saidtable approximately relative to said bed, a member longitudinallymovably mounted on said'bed and being movable parallel with the movementof said table, a measure showing instrument on the inner end of saidmember and 67 l havingan abutment projecting therefrom, a second memberlongitudinally movably mounted on said bed and having a finger movableinto contact on said abutment on said instrument and into and out of anyone of said abutments, a

i mierometer'mechanism to be set to a predetermined position of saidtable relative to any of said abutments, and means for moving said tableuntil said fingercan move into position adjacent to a desired abutmentand thereafter further moving said table until said'measure showinginstrument registers zero for precise setting of said table relative tosaid base.

2. A machine tool .having, in combination, a bed, a table movablethereon-in guided contact, and means for positioning said table relativeto said bed, comprising, equally spaced abutments on a side edge of saidtable, a micrometer mechanism mounted on said bed, ashaft mounted onsaid bed to move parallel with said table and omllatory transverselythereof and having a contact member on one end thereof and beingoperated for parallel movement by saidmicrometer mechanism and settingof the end of said contact member to a position required for apositioning of said table, a finger carried on said bed and beinglongitudinally movable parallel with said table and oscillatory movabletransversely thereof and having a part engageable with and disengageablefrom any of said abutments on said bed, and means for moving said tableuntil said part of the finger engages the requiredone of said abutmentson the table and further moving said table until said finger contactssaid contact member on the shaft for precise positioning 7 of said tablerelative to said bed.

headguided' to move yertically on posts,-a spindle carrying elementmovable longi 6.

3;, In combination, a normally stationary bed, cylindrical parallelposts upstanding therefrom and having the lower ends thereof anchoredcen-, tralzing therein, a normally stationary cross both' of-saidtudinally on said cross head, a table' guided to move in contact withthe top of said stationary bedfand a setting means for positioning saidspindle carrying element relative to said cross head, a setting meansfor positioning said table relative to said bed; each of setting meanscomprising equally spaced abutments on a side edge of the movablemember, a finger carried by the stationary member andbeing movableparallei with'the movable member and having a part r movable into andout of adjacency of each of a,1s7, so

said abutments, a member moimted on the stadle and the projection.

tionary member and having an end thereof movable parallel with themovable member and contactable on said finger, a micrometer mechanismmoving said parallel movable end into a setting determining position ofthe movable member.

and means for moving the movable member until said part of the fingercan enter adiaoent'to the desired abutment on the movable member forapproximate positioning of the movable member and then further movingthe movable member until the part of the finger contacts the desiredabutment for precise pofltioning of the movable member relative to thestationary member.

4. In combination, a stationary bed, a movable table guided on said bedand a positioning means .for said table relative to said bed comprising,

equally spaced abutments on a side edge of said table, a finger onsaidbed and being movable relative to said table and having a partengageable with any of said abutments, a micrometer mechanism carried bysaid bed for determining 'a position of said table relative to said bed,and;

means for moving said table relative to said bed until said part of thefinger is engageable with V the desired one of said abutments and thefinger contacts the position determining part set by said micrometermechanism.

5. 'In a machine tool, the combination of a bed and a table movablethereon and a positioning means for said table relative to said bed,comprising. equally spaced abutments on said table, a movable finger onsaid bed and having a part engageable with and disensageable from any ofsaid abutments, and a micrometricaily adjustable means having a part incontact on said finger forsetting said finger to a predeterminedposition of said table when the latter is moved so that said part of thefinger can engage the corresponding one of said abutments.

Positioning means for the table of a machine toolcomprising incombination, a support, a table movabfithereon having abutments spacedequally in the dir on of its movement, a micrometer on said supporthaving its spindle parallel to the direction of movement of said table,a rod within. said support having a proiectlon at one end\ thereof,means to oscillate said rod into and out of abutment and means to adjustthe distance between the micrometer spin-

